BA (Hons) International Relations

This module introduces you to the study of world politics, emphasising that there are different and competing perspectives on how to approach the subject. In the first term, it introduces you to the three dominant paradigms (Realism, Pluralism and Structuralism) that defined the discipline of International Relations (IR) throughout the 20th Century. It situates those paradigms in the historical context in which they were developed and critically examines both their contribution to our understanding of world politics and their theoretical and empirical shortcomings. The first term ends by highlighting the challenges posed to these traditional ways of studying international relations by the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War order.

In the second term, the module identifies the contours of the post-Cold War international environment. In particular, it explores claims that contemporary world politics are defined by processes of globalisation. Specific topics addressed include: the nature of American power and the challenge of the BRICs; the prevalence of 'New Wars'; global poverty and inequality; nationalist and ethnic conflict; human rights; intervention and humanitarian crises; refugees and migration; and terrorism and the war on terror.

These themes are explored in order to evaluate i. how the contemporary globalised world differs from previous world orders and ii. whether traditional ways of thinking about world politics, such as the three paradigms, can still account for and explain global processes and outcomes.

This module aims to provide you with an understanding of the importance of colonialism and imperialism, and resistance to these, in the shaping of our world. It treats ‘culture’, including forms of ‘art’, as central to politics. It begins by considering non-Western forms of politics, civilization and culture prior to colonial domination. The rest of the module explores the forms of political, cultural, aesthetic and ideological interaction, and change, engendered in the module of the colonial encounter. A related aim of the module is to introduce students to a range of types of reading material and sources, beyond the conventional first year text book.

Our academic departments are developing exciting elective ideas to allow you to broaden your education, either to develop vocationally orientated experiences or to learn more about contemporary society, culture and politics. You’ll be able to choose safe in the knowledge that these modules have been designed for non-subject specialists and to bring students from different disciplines together. For example, you may want to take introductions to areas such as Law, Education, the digital industries, the creative industries,think like a designer or understand the history and politics behind our current affairs.

This module is designed to introduce you to some of the fundamental concepts, theories and ideologies that influence our understanding and evaluation of the political world. The module explores key political concepts such as legitimacy, democracy, liberty, equality and justice by introducing some of the ideas of major political thinkers such as Hobbes, Bentham, Locke, Kant, Marx, J.S. Mill, Rawls and Nozick. The module also introduces students to major political ideologies including liberalism, socialism, conservatism and anarchism.

This module gives you an introduction to some of the key questions of contemporary political economy, and offers some critical and cultural approaches to the major policy problems of today.

You'll explore the failure of elites to respond to recent crises, such as the financial crisis and environmental crises, and offers some ways of analyzing where power lies, the role of experts in contemporary economic policy, and how the notion of ‘neoliberalism’ helps us to understand the current state of political economy.

This module introduces you to the comparative approach to politics and government, in addition to building a foundation understanding of the politics and governance of four key members of the European Union: the UK, Germany, Italy and France. The first half of the module is focused on the UK and also considers the EU as an institution, while the second half concentrates on the other three countries at the module’s core. You will not only build an essential foundation for studying the politics of the UK/EU polity in which we live but will also develop their skills in comparative methods.

This module focuses on the principal debates and issues that have been shaping world politics since the end of the Cold War. The module provides a detailed review of the main theoretical perspectives contributing to contemporary IR Theory, critically assesses what IR theory is about, identifies the abstractions and logic it deploys, and interrogates its relation to the outside world.

This module explores debates surrounding the concept of global governance and evaluates the power of international organisations in world politics. Global governance is generally framed as a response to the increased prevalence of transnational concerns and problems that cannot be resolved by individual sovereign states. We will look at theoretical frameworks to explain and evaluate global governance, including realist, constructivist, feminist and critical theory approaches. We will also examine the definition of global problems, identify the organisations responsible for intervening in these and critically assess their role and impacts.

The module traces the emergence and evolution of key organisations historically as well as their contemporary political significance. We critically reflect on the nature and impacts of United Nations agencies such as the World Health Organisation or the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA); the International Criminal Court; the World Bank and International Monetary Fund; and regional organisations. The module considers not only the role of states and intergovernmental organisations, but also the power of civil society, including social movements, NGOs and the media, and various forms of contestation and resistance. You will engage in both theoretical critique and the analysis of responses to particular global problems. The module will include formative group work on a presentation, linked to individual policy reports.

Since the end of the Cold War, both the theory and practice of international security have undergone radical changes. In the era of globalisation, security is no longer confined to questions of interstate conflict and cooperation but embraces a plethora of new concerns.

Most significant among these is the prevalence of new wars fought within rather than between states and the range of phenomena such as environmental destruction, transnational criminal activity, development and insecurity, and migration and disease, that these conflicts generate.

Furthermore, the terms by which the institutions of international society engage with these security threats has been rearticulated within a discourse of liberal humanitarianism in which human rather than state security has become the main referent.

This module explores this transformation of the ‘new security agenda’ by means of:

• an exploration of the theoretical and conceptual reframing of security
• analysis of a selection of important challenges framed as security threats.

The module is in two parts. The first part examines and debates a range of competing theories and concepts of security. It considers different meanings of the term ‘security’ and whose security we can talk about. The second part examines some contemporary security threats with implications for international politics.

These will include, among other subjects: inter and intra-state conflict; the role and future of international and regional security institutions; the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction; international terrorism and the war on terror; cyber-warfare and transnational crime; and development, resources and conflict.

Our academic departments are developing exciting elective ideas to allow you to broaden your education, either to develop vocationally orientated experiences or to learn more about contemporary society, culture and politics. You’ll be able to choose safe in the knowledge that these modules have been designed for non-subject specialists and to bring students from different disciplines together. For example, you may want to take introductions to areas such as Law, Education, the digital industries, the creative industries,think like a designer or understand the history and politics behind our current affairs.

This module explores the contemporary security agenda in world politics. It addresses both theoretical debates over the nature of security and the range of phenomena currently identified as security threats.

The module takes as its point of entry the emergence in the post-Cold War world of the idea of human security, which challenged the traditional view that the state was the primary referent of security. Contemporary security studies now focus on a broad range of actors – states, individuals, substate groups, transnational NGOs and intergovernmental organisations.

These actors are studied as:

• subjects exposed to a range of security threats
• actors that individually and collectively seek to reduce their vulnerability to risk
• as sources of insecurity themselves

This module will explore some of the contemporary movements and conflicts which currently inflame the Middle East. Taking an in-depth perspective, it will examine the complex interaction between religion, culture and politics in Middle East societies, showing how the region is riven by deep-seated tensions and conflicts which have often eluded Western eyes.

It will look at the new democratic movements which emerged with the Arab Spring in Tunisia, Egypt and Syria, as well as in Kurdistan, and how these clashed with authoritarian governments which have for so long dominated the region. It will explore the origins of political Islam, and its significance as a reaction to the Arab Spring - particularly the rapid emergence of Daesh or the ‘Islamic State’ in Iraq and Syria. It will also examine the central conflict between Shia and Sunni Islam, the ancient religious and political division which is having such major geopolitical impacts today, bringing into potential conflict Iran and Saudi Arabia.

The module therefore seeks to examine the cultural and religious politics of the Middle East as a way of contextualizing the conflicts we hear so much about in the news today. It covers themes such as democracy and despotism, gender, religion, new social and political movements, and the mediatic politics of violence in the region.

This module explores the origins and dynamics of conflict in Africa and evaluates interventions aimed at peace and political transformation. It examines the different forms of conflict that emerged on the continent in the post-Cold War period, including genocide, civil war, electoral violence and non-violent protests.

It considers the political significance of the historical characteristics of the African state and social forces, and the influences of regional and international actors. It draws on relevant theoretical debates on the drivers of conflict to inform the analysis of country case studies, and to identify critical issues such as ethnicity, resources, land grabbing, militarised masculinity, corruption and globalisation.

It looks both at international interventions in peacebuilding, and at less visible initiatives by local actors. The course provides an in-depth understanding of recent African experiences and offers insights into the wider problems of conflict and challenges for peacebuilding in the contemporary era. 

The central goal of this module is to allow you examine and reflect upon the nature, function and operation of art and popular culture in times of war and conflict. Focusing largely on contemporary and 20th century visual production, you'll draw on a selection of artworks and visual examples to critically address the following key questions:

1. What is the role of the artist/artwork in times of war and crisis?
2. Can war and terror be thought of as ‘aesthetic’ or even ‘sublime’?
3. What political, cultural and moral implications are at stake in the representation and mediation of suffering?
4. ‘War art’ or ‘war porn’?
5. What is the nature of the relationship between art, terror and terrorism?
6. What role do art and images play in the relay of historical violence and in a broader politics of memory?
7. Can the experience of pain be woven into the fabric of the image?
8. What do images have to do, if anything with bare life?
9. How is the status of the ‘real’ affected by its documentation?
10. How do art, images and monuments of war and conflict, shape as well as preserve memories of war and conflict?

Looking at key contemporary and ‘historical’ artworks and events, this module cuts across historical trajectories in order to examine both the representation of violence and the violence of representation. You'll investigate the various roles of art and visual culture in relation to the two World Wars, the Cold War, the cultural and ideological battles of the 1960s and 70s, the ‘armchair’ wars, the so-called ‘war on terror’ and many other conflicts in recent years. Using Agamben, Baudrillard, Virilio, Butler and others, you'll consider the impact of military surveillance techniques on culture, both in terms of art practices and more broadly, as experienced in everyday culture. You'll reflect on artists’ enduring fascination with war and terror and shows how art can be understood as a form of politics, knowledge and experience.